Indeed, recent studies demonstrated that treatment with 4-PBA significantly downregulates fibrosis-related genes (TGFβ1, phosphor-SMAD2 and pro-collagen isoform) induced by pressure overload, prevents the activation of UPR and decreases collagen deposition, halting the development of CF and adverse remodeling [121, 122]. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is cystic fibrosis.