TXNDC5 and diabetes mellitus: TXNDC5 was found enriched in endothelial cells (ECs) and fibroblasts [20], where TXNDC5 dysregulation was implicated in multiple diseases, including organ fibrosis, atherosclerosis, diabetes, liver disease, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), cancer, neurodegenerative disease and vitiligo [15, 21, 22].