Recently, the European Association of Neuro-Oncology have recommended the use of ‘astrocytoma grade 4’ instead of ‘IDH mutant glioblastoma’6; in our study we will use the term HGG to describe both IDH wild-type and IDH mutant tumours (glioblastoma, WHO grade IV). The gene discussed is IDH1; the disease is astrocytoma (excluding glioblastoma).