For example, intracranial germ cell cancer was characterized by germline missense mutations in JMJD1C.47 JMJD1C is overexpressed in colon cancer tissues and increases colon cancer metastasis via the inactivation of the ATF2 pathway.48 On the contrary, JMJD1C functions as a tumor suppressor in esophageal cancer, which downregulates cancer cell proliferation by targeting YAP1 gene expression via H3K9me2 demethylation.49 Interestingly, in JMJD1C-knockout mice, the global H3K9 methylation level remained unchanged, and it thus is postulated whether JMJD1C displays H3K9 demethylase activity.50 This evidence concerns the gene ATF2 and colonic neoplasm.