In recent years, increasing evidence has indicated that the C/EBPβ and its downstream target CBP/p300-interacting transactivator with ED-rich carboxyterminal domain 4 (CITED4) are essentially involved in exercise-induced physiological cardiac hypertrophy, and targeting the C/EBPβ/CITED4 signaling pathway is effective to prevent pathological cardiac hypertrophy and myocardial I/R injury (Fig. 3). Here, CEBPB is linked to cardiac hypertrophy.