Notably, the exacerbation of all these allergic asthma phenotypes by IL-1β was dependent of T and B cell responses, as no change of lung inflammation was observed in Rag1−/− mice (lacking T and B cells) treated with e.c. HDM + IL-1β compared with e.c. HDM alone (Supplementary Fig. 5). This evidence concerns the gene RAG1 and allergic asthma.