Kazer et al. showed that HIV-1 infection induces high proliferation of CD8+ T cells39 and our MEEN model found one year of HIV-1 infection-associated CD8+ T cell proliferation caused an average increase of 3.9 years in the predicted age of naïve CD8+ T cells (Fig. 7a, Supplementary Data 7a, b). The gene discussed is CD8A; the disease is HIV-1 infection.