We found that hTS overexpression induced carcinoma development in 13.3% of hTS/Men1+/ΔN3-8 mice as early as 9 months of age (P = 0.28) with a 58.7% increase in carcinoma by <29 months (P = 0.002), while carcinoma was not observed in Men1+/ΔN3-8 mice (Figure 3C and Supplemental Table 3). Here, APCDD1 is linked to carcinoma.