Further analysis of the lymphocytes and TAMs in the treated tumour specimens revealed increased levels of the inhibitory molecule cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) on CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes as well as programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) on TAMs when compared to the pre-treatment samples. The gene discussed is CTLA4; the disease is neoplasm.