NFKB1 and colorectal carcinoma: Treatment with α-ketoglutarate, an important intermediary in the NF-κB-mediated inflammatory pathway, tends to minimize the proportion of opportunistic pathogens (Escherichia and Enterococcus) while increasing the proportion of Akkermansia, Butyricicoccus, Clostridium, and Ruminococcus and protecting against inflammation-related CRC (Li et al., 2019).