However, APF treatment significantly reversed the overexpression of PTP1B but not TCPTP (Figures 8B–D), implying that APF improves the adipoinsular axis balance by suppressing PTP1B and consequently contributes to the attenuation of obesity, NAFLD, and T2DM. The gene discussed is PTPN2; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.