We found that chronic treatment with high-dose atorvastatin significantly reduced the levels of TLR4, TRAF6, and NF-κB, inhibited the activation of microglia and astrocytes, alleviated hippocampal pathologic alterations and neuronal apoptosis, and improved spatial learning ability and memory impairment in AD rats. The gene discussed is NFKB1; the disease is Alzheimer disease.