Additionally, as the activation of fibroblasts is dependent on TGFβ secreted by immunocytes or cancer cells and IL-11 secreted by TGFβ1-stimulated CAFs (cancer-associated fibroblasts) could enhance the survival rate and invasion ability of cancer cells [26, 27], we chose to analyze stromal activation-related and TGFβ pathways. This evidence concerns the gene IL11 and cancer.