VEGFA and Pleural effusion: Using an ELISA kit, Hirayama et al. [52], reported that patients with MPM (n = 46) had significantly higher pleural effusion VEGF levels than those with non-malignant pleuritis (n = 25) or malignant pleural effusion from lung cancer (n = 20, sensitivity 71.7% and specificity 76.0%, cut-off 2, 000 pg/mL).