bTMB and ctDNA assessment have been already studied as the first widespread application of LB in clinical trials for NSCLC but additional investigations are needed to explore their clinical utility in other thoracic cancers and in clinical practice, as well as of other circulating biomarkers such as CTCs, sPD-L1, tdEV, cytokines or PBMCs. This evidence concerns the gene SPDL1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.