From this approval, further evidence about the clinical utility of LB in NSCLC has been produced [14, 15] and the positive results of the NILE (Non-invasive versus Invasive Lung Evaluation) study that showed a concordance > 98.2% with a 100% positive predictive value of cfDNA versus tissue assessment of EGFR, ALK, ROS1 and BRAF status [16], have recently confirmed the value of LB for biomarkers analysis of NSCLC patients. This evidence concerns the gene ALK and non-small cell lung carcinoma.