TNF and obesity disorder: Based on a study comparing biomarkers associated with obesity with abnormal metabolism among AA women (with and without BC), it was shown that the AA women with BC revealed higher IR as well as elevated biomarkers of dyslipidemia (e.g., cholesterol and triglyceride fractions) and inflammation [e.g., IL-1b, IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and C-reactive protein (CRP)] compared to the age-similar controls (or even much older females) [13].