Several enriched pathways and processes, observed in the bladder of patients with IC/BPS, especially those with Hunner’s lesions, including complement and coagulation cascades, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, chemokine signaling, granulocyte chemotaxis and migration, inflammatory response, TLR-, NOD-like receptor-, NFkB-and TNF-signaling pathways (14, 17, 32, 48, 49) were also identified in our study. Here, NFKB1 is linked to Bartsocas-Papas syndrome 1.