Tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) are another component of the TME and have been shown to induce ECM remodelling by expressing a range of enzymes such as collagen prolyl 4-hydroxylases, collagen lysyl hydroxylases, MMPs (including MT1-MMP), a disintegrin and metalloproteinases (ADAMs) and cathepsins that aid angiogenesis (59). This evidence concerns the gene CTSS and neoplasm.