PDE4D and neoplasm: In addition, we found ERG as European-derived tumour-related driver and five new African-derived tumour-related driver genes, including TTC28, CADM2, LSAMP, EYS, PACRG, PDE4D and PTPRD. Large number of inter-chromosomal translocation inactivating TTC28 has been reported in colorectal cancer [41].