Consistently, CCR3 was upregulated in WPOI 4–5 tumor cells (Fig. 5m) and showed a marked dysregulated elevation in EMT pathway-related genes in HNSCC patient samples (Fig. 5n), which correlated with a high incidence of recurrence of various human cancers (Fig. 5o and Supplementary Fig. 4g–i). This evidence concerns the gene CCR3 and cancer.