PGF and bipolar disorder: The chemokine Mip-1β (CCL4) is produced in response to pro-inflammatory cytokines, and elevated levels have been reported in people with bipolar disorder with lower cortical thickness,63 as well as severity of cognitive impairment after stroke.64 In this study, Mip-1β was non-significantly lower in participants with cognitive impairment (and was also positively correlated with PlGF), which warrants further examination.