TARDBP and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: The modest increase in TDP-43 translocation in C9orf72 and TARDBP CSF-injected mice suggests that pathological TDP-43 inclusions in C9orf72 and TARDBP patients are induced by non-CSF-mediated mechanisms, and the lack of TDP-43 translocation in SOD1 CSF-injected mice is consistent with the absence of TDP-43+ inclusions in ALS patients with SOD1 mutations.18 At 28 DPI, cytoplasmic TDP-43 expression was higher but not significantly in sALS CSF-injected mice compared with saline controls, and overall cytoplasmic TDP-43 levels in both groups were lower than at 1 DPI (Fig. 2C).