NEFL and epilepsy: These proteins are used as general markers of neurodegeneration and astrocytic activation and are not Alzheimer’s disease -specific.9,24 The absence of an association of CSF NfL and GFAP with epilepsy in Alzheimer’s disease further underscores that epilepsy in Alzheimer’s disease is associated with Alzheimer’s disease pathology as such and not general neurodegenerative brain changes.