There was a 10% increase in the level of fasting and/or postprandial C-peptide from baseline in 40.7% of patients. Three subjects achieved insulin independence and remained insulin-free for three to 12 months. The percent change of postprandial C-peptide was significantly increased in patients with adult-onset T1D. Changes in fasting or postprandial C-peptide were not significant among patients with juvenile-onset T1D. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is type 1 diabetes mellitus.