INS and hyperinsulinism: Epidemiological data indicate that IR and its accompanying hyperinsulinemia are significant risk factors for EC and may also promote the development of EC.[15,24] IR has been defined as a decrease in the efficiency of insulin to promote glucose uptake and utilization due to various reasons.[25] In the early stage of IR, to maintain the stability of blood glucose levels, the pancreatic β-cells of the body compensatorily secrete excessive insulin, thereby inducing hyperinsulinemia.