RNF43 and ovarian carcinoma: Parkin deletion also occurs in ovarian carcinoma with a 62% rate, abrogating its ability to suppress tumor growth.50 In addition, the whole-exome sequencing data revealed that the RNF43 is frequently mutated in mucinous ovarian carcinomas: mutation in 13.3% (2/15) or 21% (6/29) mucinous ovarian carcinomas and 9% (2/22) mucinous ovarian borderline tumors.61,62 Since the RNF43 can block WNT signaling by selectively targeting the Frizzled receptor for ubiquitin-mediated degradation, inactivating mutations of RNF43 may contribute to the development of ovarian mucinous tumors.61–63