RNF122 and infection: During the early phase of RNA virus [vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) or Sendai virus (SeV)] infection, the mRNA and protein levels of RNF122 significantly increase and then decrease at late stage.213 RNF122 directly binds to RIG-I and transfers K48-linked ubiquitination to Lys115 and Lys146 residues of RIG-I CARDs to promote RIG-I degradation via proteasomes inhibiting the IFN-I response against RNA viruses infection.