TRIM31 and cancer: Cancer is a multifactorial disease considered a major public health problem worldwide.34 Given the crucial role of RNF proteins-mediated ubiquitination, involved in almost every cellular process, it is not surprising that their dysregulation caused by genetic alterations is associated with the development, progression, and response to therapy of human cancers (Table 1).35,36 However, few studies have addressed whether and how certain mutations in RNF proteins contribute to tumorigenesis.