TRAF3 and infection: A recent study, controversial to a previous study, revealed that the LjRNF114, RNF114 from Lateolabrax japonicus, interacts with TRAF3 and transfers the K48-linked ubiquitination to TRAF3 for proteasomal degradation to modulate the RLR-mediated antiviral signaling negatively.236,243 Interestingly, their study also indicated that Red-Spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV) infection enhances the expression of LjRNF114, suppressing the RLR-dependent IFN production, thus potentiating the RGNNV replication in a positive feedback manner.