IFNA1 and systemic lupus erythematosus: Using gene set variation analysis (GSVA) (31) to quantify the activity of selected pathways on individual patients with SLE, we further confirmed that antibodies to Ro52Ex4 have the most significant association with the IFN signature, followed by anti-Ro52γCT antibodies, and no association of anti-Ro52Nt antibodies with the IFN signature was found (Figure 7C).