The innate and adaptive immune system are strong involvement in the PM2.5 induced acute lung injury (ALI), especially the macrophages, which are major sources for inflammatory and ROS responses, and moreover the JAK/STAT1 signals are significant modulators for this stress and accelerate the initiation and amplification of pulmonary process of ALI caused by PM2.5 [17, 18]. Here, STAT1 is linked to acute respiratory distress syndrome.