Moreover, mediators such as granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF; sargramostim/Leukine) have been approved to shorten the time of immunosuppression and reduce the incidence of infection associated with chemotherapy and bone marrow transplantation, whereas interferon gamma (IFN-γ; Actimmune) has been approved for the treatment of infectious fungal complications associated with chronic granulomatous disease (23, –, 26). This evidence concerns the gene CSF2 and chronic granulomatous disease.