In a study that used a dendritic cell modulator for thetreatment of T1D in nonobese diabetic mice, the induction of IRAK-M was found to beaccompanied by the increased efficacy of this drug (i.e., delaying the onset ofinsulitis and preventing the onset of hyperglycemia).51 Another study revealed that IRAK-M−/− nonobese diabetic mice hadearly onset and rapid progression of T1DM and impaired glucose tolerance.52 However, the upregulation of IRAK-M may also imply a harmful condition. This evidence concerns the gene IRAK3 and type 1 diabetes mellitus.