ADIPOQ and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: It does this by stimulating the AMPK and dwindling the predominant nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4 (Nox4) [14]. Various case-control, cohort, and prospective studies reported that decreased adiponectin levels associated with obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, blood sugar levels, and insulin resistance are potential risk factors for T2DM and its complications [15-17].