INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Liu W et al. reported that adiponectin plays an essential role in improving insulin sensitization, which prevents the development of T2DM as well as the damage of certain types of tissues through its anti-diabetic, anti-oxidative, and anti-inflammatory properties [24]. Dongqing Z et al. reported that statistically elevated levels of plasma adiponectin might be useful as a (novel) marker for diabetes, as well as DN [25] (Figure 3).