Immunostaining showed that E-cadherin expression was higher in mtDNA-depleted ESCC cells injected into mice treated with CDDP combined with zebularine than in those injected into mice treated with other drugs and that the expression of N-cadherin and vimentin was lower in cells injected into mice treated with CDDP combined with zebularine than in cells injected into mice treated with other drugs (Fig. 8C). Here, VIM is linked to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.