AQP3 and diabetes mellitus: However, no significant difference in AQP3 gene expression was found between DM subjects and other groups of HD patients; this observation may be attributed to the interactions of the osmotic stimulators: water translocation from the intracellular to the extracellular fluid driven by elevated serum glucose level [35] results in a relative decrease in serum sodium concentration, i.e. translocational hyponatremia [36].