IL-6 in particular has anti-apoptotic actions, through upregulation of Mcl-1 (a member of the Bcl-2 family) in a number of cancer cell lines [140, 141] (e.g. C33A, AGS), including prevention of apoptosis in hepatoma cells under the influence of TGFβ [142]. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is cancer.