We identified 247 patients at Memorial Sloan Kettering (MSK) Cancer Center with advanced NSCLC who received PD-(L)1-blockade-based therapy with baseline data and known outcomes between 2014 and 2019 (cohort characteristics are shown in Table 1 and Fig. 1a–c), referred to as the multimodal cohort. This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.