SMPD1 and ischemia: To further examine the effects of ASM inhibitors on cerebral microvessels, we next exposed human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (hCMEC/D3) to non-ischemic control condition (C), oxygen–glucose deprivation (OGD) as in vitro model of ischemia (I), or OGD followed by reoxygenation/glucose re-supplementation as in vitro model of I/R.