Finally, pre-treatment tumor immune contexture associated with T cell presence and activity in TME through chemokines (for example, CXCL9 and CXCL14) and cytokines (for example, IL-15, IL-7, IL-18 and IL-21) produced locally (Fig. 5, Extended Data Fig. 10, Supplementary Fig. 4 and Supplementary Table 10), which supports the hypothesis that stromal production of T cell–attractive chemokines and γ-chain receptor cytokines may promote a T cell–involved TME generally favorable for CAR T cell activity. Here, IL18 is linked to neoplasm.