MAPK3 and infarction: In mice, exercise (48–72% of VO2max for 4 weeks) also reduces infarction size by up to 60% by increasing phosphorylation of kinases such as Akt, ERK-1/2, p70S6K, AMPK, and GSK3β while reducing levels of PTEN (Pons et al., 2013) (Table 2).