MAPK3 and infarction: In wild-type mice, exercise (48–66% of VO2max for 4 weeks) reduces the size of infarction by up to 60% by increasing the phosphorylation of kinases such as Akt, ERK-1/2, p70S6K, and AMPK (Pons et al., 2013) (Figure 1) (Table 1).