BMSCs can attenuate lung injury in ALI mice by reducing protein levels and neutrophil recruitment in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and improving pulmonary histological changes; BMSCs can also decrease the protein levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α (Huh et al., 2018). Here, TNF is linked to acute respiratory distress syndrome.