Song et al. found that excessive neutrophil extracellular traps (NETS) led to severe inflammation and increased the levels of M1 markers including IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and Myeloperoxidase (MPO) in BALF, suggesting that NETS can promote ARDS inflammation in the acute phase (Song et al., 2019). This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and acute respiratory distress syndrome.