As a unique and programmed form of cell death, pyroptosis has been revealed to be associated with inflammatory response in DCM via releasing of pro-inflammatory intracellular contents including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-18, and other inflammatory substances that are induced subsequent to the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome which is linked to key cardiovascular risk factors (107, 108). The gene discussed is NLRP3; the disease is familial dilated cardiomyopathy.