Xie et al. showed that the bone marrow transplantation (BMT) of pterostilbene (PTE)-treated diabetic HSCs could reverse diabetes-induced histone methylation of the estrogen receptor (ER) β promoter and suppression of its target genes NRF1 and SOD2 to ameliorate oxidative stress, mitochondria dysfunction, and up-regulated proinflammatory cytokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and macrophages (Xie et al., 2021). The gene discussed is SOD2; the disease is diabetes mellitus.