Low expression of CTNNBIP1 was a risk factor for lung cancer (hazard ratio = 1.85) [30], which is accordant with our observation that the low-PPRS group had lower expression of CTNNBIP1. CTNNBIP1 downregulation was also discovered in human gastric adenocarcinoma tissues [31]. This evidence concerns the gene CTNNBIP1 and gastric adenocarcinoma.