Quantification of serum concentration of 13 pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines showed a significant increase in the levels of IL-1β (p < 0.05), IL-4 (p < 0.05), IL-6 (p < 0.05), IL-10 (p < 0.05), IFN-γ (p < 0.01), TNF-α (p < 0.05), IL-17A (p < 0.01), IL-22 (p < 0.05), IL-23 (p < 0.001), IL-31 (p < 0.001), and IL-33 (p < 0.01) in serum of pediatric SMA patients when compared to the adult healthy controls (Figures 1–3). Here, TNF is linked to proximal spinal muscular atrophy.