IL4 and proximal spinal muscular atrophy: We found a significant decrease in the levels of IL-4 (p < 0.05), IFN-γ (p < 0.05), IL-22 (p < 0.01), IL-23 (p < 0.05), and IL-33 (p < 0.01), in serum of pediatric SMA patients after 6 months of therapy when compared to baseline values (Figures 1–3).