TNF and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: As shown in Figures 2(f)–2(l) and Figure S1A-G, the grass carp-based diet induced a remarkable improvement in AST, ALP, TC, HDL-C, TNF-α, FINS, and HOMA-IR and there were no significant differences in the levels of ALT, GGT, TG, LDL-c, IL-6, CRP, and FBG, compared with those in the NAFLD group; the rats fed with the chicken-based diet also showed a significant improvement in AST and HDL-C, and there were no significant differences in other phenotypes, compared with those in the NAFLD group.