CD8A and hepatocellular carcinoma: Sangro et al. (Sangro et al., 2020) conducted a retrospective analysis using CD8A-related signatures originating from prior literature, including the 4-gene inflammatory signature (Ayers et al., 2017; Siemers et al., 2017), and the Gajewski 13-gene inflammatory signature (Spranger et al., 2015), with results indicating that the signatures were closely associated with improved objective response rate (ORR) and overall survival to nivolumab therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma patients in the CheckMate 040 study.