Hypoxic microenvironment can lead to upregulation of HIF-1α expression in tumor cells, which in turn activates downstream target genes and promotes metabolic reprogramming, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, invasion, metastasis, cancer stem cell maintenance, immune evasion, and resistance to chemotherapy and radiation therapy (Schito and Semenza, 2016; Farina et al., 2020). This evidence concerns the gene HIF1A and cancer.