PARPis are potentially synthetic lethal effects for the treatment of cancers characterized by specific DNA-repair defects, such as tumor cells that contain BRCA1 and/or BRCA2 (BRCA1/2) mutations and present defects in homologous recombination repair (Bryant et al., 2005; Farmer et al., 2005; Ashworth, 2008). The gene discussed is BRCA1; the disease is neoplasm.