NPPA and cardiomyopathy: With quantitatively comparing the protein expression levels in the heart of the sacrificed control, model, and treated rats, we demonstrated for the first time that DS decoction ameliorates ISO-iDM in rats by significantly downregulating the typical biomarkers of cardiomyopathy, including natriuretic peptides A (NPPA) and myosin light chain 4 (MYL4) (Tripathi et al., 2017).