TNF and COVID-19: The cytokine release syndrome (CRS) may lead to death among COVID-19-infected patients due to a substantial immune response characterized by abnormal cytokine production.” Several cytokines and chemokines participate in the “cytokine storm” in COVID-19 patients (Ragab et al., 2020), including IL-6, IL-1β, CXCL10, IL-2, IL-10, TNF-α and IFN-γ, but IL-6 plays an especially critical role, for its increased level in patients’ serum has been associated with respiratory failure, ARDS, and adverse clinical outcomes (Bhardwaj et al., 2022).