• NARS1 deficient human iPSCs and COs (Wang et al., 2020): reduced neural precursor cells in induced iPSCs and poorly organized and irregular-shaped radial glia cells with cell cycle defects• vars KO zebrafish embryos (Siekierska et al., 2019): microcephaly, increased apoptosis in the brain, increased susceptibility to seizures and neuronal hyperexcitability• qars KO zebrafish embryos (Zhang et al., 2014): microcephaly and increased apoptosis in the brain. This evidence concerns the gene VARS1 and microcephaly.