A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study has reported that the administration of probiotic improves glucose metabolism in T2DM individuals, while the consumption of fermented milk results in other metabolic alterations including an elevation in acetic acid and a reduction in inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and resistin) (204).The role of probiotics in T2DM deserves recognition, but the FDA and EFSA do not yet have any approval statements for probiotics (205–207). The gene discussed is RETN; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.